深井救援预防措施
Preventive measures for deep well rescue
第一，应全面了解现场情况，充分掌握深井使用性质，并利用侦检仪器对深井内部气体成分进行检测；认真观察周围土质情况，防止在救援过程中井壁发生坍塌；在实施救援过程中，应安排专人负责安全监控，及时掌握现场情况变化信息。
First, we should have a comprehensive understanding of the site conditions, fully grasp the nature of deep well use, and use detection instruments to detect the gas composition inside the deep well; carefully observe the surrounding soil conditions to prevent the collapse of the shaft wall in the rescue process; in the implementation of the rescue process, we should arrange a special person to be responsible for safety monitoring, and timely grasp the change information of the site conditions.
第二，要做好参战官兵的个人安全防护。由于深井内部空气流通差，废弃的深井内可能存在大量可燃、有毒气体，救援官兵在进入深井内部施救前应该向井内补充大量新鲜空气，可以采取投放打开气瓶阀门的空气呼吸器或利用坑道送风等措施达到置换井内气体的目的；在深入井下救援时必须佩戴空气呼吸器、长管呼吸器等防护设备。
Second, we should do a good job in personal safety protection of officers and soldiers participating in the war. Due to the poor air circulation inside the deep well, there may be a large number of combustible and toxic gases in the abandoned deep well. Rescue officers and soldiers should add a lot of fresh air to the well before entering the deep well for rescue. They can take measures to replace the gas in the well, such as putting in the air respirator opening the cylinder valve or using the tunnel air supply. They must wear air breathing apparatus when going deep into the well for rescue Protective equipment such as respirator, long tube respirator, etc.
第三，要在地面做好绳索保护措施。救援人员进出深井过程中完全依靠绳索牵引，甚至还要悬空作业，因此，地面人员必须做好保护措施。对深井而言，应优先使用救援三脚架，不仅战斗展开快，而且便于井上人员与井内人员的配合，能够更好地控制下行和上升速度。同时，在通过绳索作防护时，应注意磨损，防止绳索断裂。
Third, rope protection measures should be taken on the ground. In the process of getting in and out of the deep well, the rescuers rely entirely on the rope traction, and even have to work in the air. Therefore, the ground personnel must take protective measures. For deep wells, the rescue tripod should be given priority, which can not only make the battle fast, but also facilitate the cooperation between the personnel on the well and the personnel in the well, so as to better control the downward and upward speed. At the same time, when the rope is used for protection, attention should be paid to wear to prevent the rope from breaking.
第四，要采取科学施救方法。除了常见的用绳索将被困者固定，将人拉出地面外，如果在条件允许的情况下，可以使用救援担架，将被困者固定拉出，以防造成二次伤害。
Fourth, we should adopt scientific rescue methods. In addition to the common use of ropes to fix the trapped persons and pull them out of the ground, if conditions permit, rescue stretchers can be used to fix and pull the trapped persons out to prevent secondary injury.